Privacy and Security Notice

    Computer Center News

Issue 12

November 2002

Central Computing

 

Thanksgiving Holidays Power Outage and Home Fileserver Upgrade

During the Thanksgiving holidays the Computer Center will be performing two major upgrades that will prevent access to central computing resources for two days, beginning early the morning of 11/29/02, and finishing the evening of 11/30/02. The first upgrade which is scheduled to occur during this period is a scheduled main computer room power outage.  This power outage is required to permit the installation of new power circuits to support future computing needs, and will take most of the day to complete. Once the power upgrade has been successfully completed the second upgrade item scheduled to be performed will begin. The second item scheduled for the Thanksgiving holidays is the upgrade of our main central home directory fileserver which will be completed by the evening of 11/30/02. The important details concerning the fileserver upgrade are explained below.

Home Fileserver Upgrade 

After power upgrades completed on 11/29/02, the Computer Center will begin the upgrade and replacement of our central home directory fileserver (fs7) to improve both performance and disk storage capacity by approximately a factor of two. Every active JLab user account has a home directory located on the fs7 fileserver. These home directories are accessed on logins to both CUE configured Unix and Windows systems and are the central areas used for the storage of  personal data including email. To perform this upgrade the Computer Center will move all home directories from their current location on fs7 to a new fileserver, jlabhome.

 

What Should You Do?

For most users this move should be transparent as the Computer Center will be making all changes necessary to utilize the new fileserver on:

 

  • all centrally provided general purpose Unix systems including db1, jlabs1/2, and jlabh1
  • all farm and ifarm systems
  • all JLab CUE Windows domain PC’s

 

We do recommend that JLab Windows PC users reboot their systems upon returning to work after the holiday upgrades have completed.

 

Additionally it will be necessary for users who have local Unix desktop systems configured for CUE to either reboot their systems after the completion of the upgrade, or shut their system down prior to leaving for the holiday. These systems would include:

 

  • CAD HPUX systems (cnodes)
  • CUE Level I Linux systems

 

Unix systems that utilize mount services from CUE that are maintained by local system administrators, will need to have modifications made to the /etc/fstab or /etc/auto* files to prepare for this upgrade and any future fileserver/file system moves. For these systems we are providing a list of descriptive fileserver/ file system aliases that should be incorporated into these files to properly access centrally provided fileservers/filesystems resources:

 

  • jlabhome - home directories
  • jlabapps - apps areas
  • jlabsite - site
  • jlabmail - mail
  • jlabgrp - group areas
  • jlabwrk - work/cache/mss areas
  • jlabcad - the CAD areas. 

 

An example of the new aliases in use from our central NIS automount file is as follows:

 

# @(#) auto.u - CUE indirect automounter map for jlab

#

#

# top-level autmounts for site-wide (CUE) mounts (e.g. /u/site)

#

#

home            -rw,actimeo=0           jlabhome:/home

apps            -rw                     jlabapps:/appsroot/$OSNAME$OSREL

site            -rw                     jlabsite:/site

mail            -rw,actimeo=0           jlabmail:/mail

group           -rw                     jlabgrp:/vol/vol1

#

#===== Misc. stuff

scratch         -rw                     jlabscr:/scratch

 

 

For further information or details please contact Kelvin.Edwards@jlab.org.

 

Windows 2000 Domain March 2003!

Out with the old!

It’s been about three years since the Computer Center first announced the end of support for Windows 95/98 systems. Windows ME has never been supported on CUE. Still, we have a small number of Windows ME and 9x systems in use on site. So far, it’s been possible to sort of “carry them along” as other systems and infrastructure elements were upgraded or updated. At this time we have reached the point where no further progress can be made while maintaining support for these older Windows systems. As we plan the deployment of Windows 2000 Server and Active Directory (see below “Windows Systems at Jefferson Lab – In with the new”), support for these older Windows clients is being left out. With the introduction of the new servers, the last remnants of the Windows 9x/WindowsME support will be removed. This means that Windows ME/95/98 (and earlier!) will no longer be able to connect to JLab’s Windows domain. No printing or filesharing will be possible with these clients.  The following table lists various Operating Systems, including both Windows and Unix, and the details of their supportability within CUE:

 

Platform

OS Revision

Notes

Windows

Windows 3.x, 9x, ME

Not supported, will no longer network on site in 2003

 

Windows NT4.0

Currently Supported, support ending 2003

 

Windows 2000 Pro

Currently Supported

 

Windows XP Home

Not Supported on site

 

Windows XP Pro

Currently Supported, recommended for new purchases

Sun

Solaris 2.6

Supported, support ending 2003

 

Solaris 7

Not supported

 

Solaris 8

Supported, default for new systems

 

Solaris 9

Not Supported

HP

HP-UX 10.20

Supported, support ending 2003 (except special cases)

 

HP-UX 11.11

Supported, default for new systems

Linux

RedHat 6.2

Currently Supported, support ending 2003

 

RedHat 7.2

Currently Supported, Default for new systems

 

RedHat 7.3

Not Supported

 

RedHat 8.x

Not Supported yet

 

 

Our CUE servers will no longer support NETBIOS connections from Windows ME, Windows9x (and earlier) clients. It should be noted, however, that TCP/IP connections (browsing the internet, e-mail client connections) will still work. Importantly, dial-up users will still be able to use these earlier OS versions to dial in to the lab, however they will not be able to make direct connections to Windows-style resources using the windows network browser. Neither will UNC (e.g. -- \\MYMACHINE\myshare) names work via dialup connections for these users. These users will need to explore the use of sftp to do file sharing from on-site to their off-site systems.

 

These changes will be included in the rollout of Windows 2000 server March 1, 2003. This is still being planned, and a detailed deployment schedule is not yet available. Stay tuned for further announcements and information, but if you’re still running a Windows ME, 9x, Windows 3.x system, you should definitely be planning to upgrade/update it soon!

In with the new!

Recently the Computer Center has begun to offer support for Windows XP client systems on site. New systems can be purchased with XP, and all essential elements of the CUE environment have been tested and shown to work well with this platform. At this point, the Computer Center is recommending that all new systems purchased be ordered with WindowsXP (PRO) rather than Windows 2000. In the future we will provide additional and improved tools with features that are designed for use on these newer OS’s and less on NT 4.0 (and Windows9x!). Many highly desirable features of these newer versions will allow us to significantly improve our support of desktop systems. Windows NT4.0 is starting to show its age. NT4.0 users should definitely be considering upgrade/update sometime in the coming year.

 

On the server side, the Computer Center is planning a major update/upgrade to the central core of the CUE environment – at least of the Windows portion of it. In the first few months of 2003 we will begin deployment of a series of new servers for our Windows users. These servers will replace the current JLABN1-JLABNx systems, as well as JWINS1. The new servers will be running Windows 2000 server, and will implement Microsoft’s “Active Directory” for the site. The effects of most of this won’t be very obvious to most users at first. As time goes on, though, you should notice improvements in network response times, a reduction in the frequency and duration of outages, and new features available in CUE.

 

We’ve done a lot of work recently evaluating and understanding some of the problems that we have seen with Windows over the past several years, and will incorporate the result of this study into the new server deployment. Our network and systems teams have worked together to gather detailed network diagnostics, and have constructed a test network on which to evaluate our results, and to test our design. Problems that you may have seen in the past with the start button slowing things down, or the problems when a domain controller could not be reached should improve. Significant emphasis has been placed on stability and availability in the new design.

 

The new system is still in the design phase and as such a detailed deployment plan and schedule is not yet available. This information should be available before Thanksgiving and information will provided through news, announcements, and an installment in our next CC Newsletter.

 

I may be asking for trouble here, but if anyone has any specific complaints, suggestions, etc. please mail them to wise@jlab.org . I assure you, I’ve heard a lot of them already (verbally or in e-mail – you know who you are! ;^), but I’d rather get too much input than too little. So let me know – particularly if it’s something that could offer consistent, recurring improvement in your ability to work, or has offered significant, recurrent impediment to you. Also, would there be any interest in an informational seminar sometime in the January/February time frame?

 

The New JLab Printing System (JLABPRT)

The Computer Center is implementing a new printing system for JLab that is designed to address long-standing issues and annoyances with the old system.  Improvements include the consolidation of both the Windows and Unix print server functions into a single machine as well as access to more of the extended printer features from Unix.

Overview of the Old System

The Jefferson Lab Computing Center supports a large number and wide variety of computing platforms connected together via a local area network or LAN.  In addition to a diverse inventory of hardware which includes Sun Microsystems, Hewlett Packard, dozens of PC manufacturers, Apples, X terminals, Windows clients, and data acquisition equipment, the Jefferson Lab local area network also supports a number of operating systems and protocols including Linux, HPUX, Solaris, Windows NT, Windows 2K, Mac OS, appletalk, tcp, snmp, http, smb, lpr, and many others.  As a result, a need to share printers between platforms naturally evolved to address users’ common need to get output from their applications.

 

The old printing system relied heavily upon vendor supplied solutions.  The Windows platforms printed using their bundled Microsoft based print solution while many of the different Unix flavors depended upon their vendor’s implementations of previously established, well documented Unix based printing protocols.  In fact, under the old system, the two sets of solutions were entirely separate.  Windows users made use of Windows based print servers (jlabn2, jwins1) while Unix users printed via a Unix based print server (printsrv).

 

As a result the old printing system suffered many problems. For one, the use of separate print servers meant maintaining the operating costs associated with supporting the additional equipment.  This made supporting both platforms more complicated due to the high level of inconsistency between printing in Unix and Windows. Added to a list of incompatibilities between the vendor implementations of Unix printing software packages, the result was an overall degradation in printing performance complicated further by a lack of effective printing administration tools.

 

The new printing solution seeks to create a more stable printing environment that capable of extending the greatest number of printing features to the greatest number of computing platforms without sacrificing ease of use.

The New Printing System

The new printing system combines upgraded hardware with a software compatibility layer to create a single consistent CUE compatible printing interface for Unix while maintaining backward compatibility with existing Windows clients.  A single print server has been configured to support both Unix and Windows printing protocols.  As a result, the processes of using and managing printers have been greatly simplified.

 

The New Configuration

 

 

Windows clients may print to the new system using the standard Add Printer Wizard, or the preferred method of locating the printer in the network neighborhood and double clicking to install it.  For Unix clients, a new application, PDQ/XPDQ has been added to the CUE environment and is available from all CUE machines.

Adding a Printer in Windows

In order to print a file from Windows, you need to find the machine \\jlabprt on the windows network neighborhood.  This can be done by opening ‘My Network Neighborhood’ or ‘My Network Places’ on the Windows desktop and then entering \\jlabprt into the browser window.  From there, a listing of printers will appear. (See figure 1)

Figure 1

Double clicking on the printer of your choice should download the printer’s driver to your system and establish its connection.  From this point on, the printer will be available to your applications.

Installing printers functions exactly the same as it does for installing printers from any windows print server. Currently, the total number of printers available on JWINS1 is now available on jlabprt. Some printers may be present but without device drivers.  If you do not see a printer that you are interested in listed, see the printer but it doesn't download the associated driver to your computer, OR would like to have a printer added, you can request the printer and/or driver be added by sending a print related CCPR.

Adding a Printer in Unix

Currently, no printers can be added site-wide for Unix users.  Rather, access to the entire inventory of Jefferson Labs printers is provided via the new PDQ/XPDQ interface. The advantage of this interface is that it supports the postscript printer definition files needed to access the extended features of the supported printers.

 

Printers that are currently supported include:

 

Hewlett Packard:

LaserJet 4000, 4500, 4550, 4600, 4, 4+, 4mv, 4si, 5, 5si, 5000,  8000, 8100, 8150, 8500, 8550

 

Xerox/Tektronix:

2PXi, 550, 560, 740, 850, 860, 8200

 

Oce:

9400, 9600

Canon:

ImageRunner 2200, 2800, 3300

 

Although new printers are added by hand, PPD support has made this process much quicker.  If you would like to see a printer added that is not supported above, you can send the Computer Center a CCPR to have it supported.

Printing in Unix

The current system maintains compatibility with the old system.  As a Unix printer server, all rlpr and (eventually lp) commands function essentially the same as they did in the old system (TOS).  The advantages offered by the new applications (pdq/xpdq) include:

 

  • Enhanced, consistent, X based interface for submitting/getting status of user print jobs.
  • Postscript Printer Definition (PPD) file support.
  • Access to extended printer features including but not limited to page size, tray selection, and media selection.

xpdq command

XPDQ is a non-daemon-centric graphical print system built upon a unix command pdq which features a built-in, and sensible, driver configuration syntax. Both include the ability to declare printing options. The GUI and command line tool allows users to specify these options with either a mouse with which the users get a nice dialog box in which to specify resolution, duplexing, paper type, etc (See figure 3) OR command line configuration options tailored for the selected printer.

 

To print using this command, simply select the destination printer from the print window, then select ‘open file’ from the File Menu.

 

To change the printing options, simply select ‘Driver options” (See figure 3) for the current printer and click on the features you are interested in.

The job status will appear in the lower window along with any errors that may occur during processing.  If you desire more detailed status information, right-clicking on your print job will display additional diagnostics.

Important Note:

When passing over a feature in the driver options window, the equivalent command line switch will be displayed.  This switch is used in conjunction with the pdq command described below to set extended printer features.

pdq command

pdq is the command line based utility with a functionality almost identical in practice to that of the prior rlpr command previously employed for the same purpose. Differences between the two include greater support for printer features, client side postscript processing, and the ability to graphically control and get the status of submitted print jobs via xpdq.

pdq prints the listed files, or STDIN if none is listed. The printer is selected with the -d or -P flag. If none is given, the job is sent to the default printer. Driver options and arguments are specified with the -o and -a flags respectively. Interface options and arguments are specified with the -O and -A flags respectively. To show printer-specific options and arguments, pass the -h or --help flag, and at the same time select a particular printer with the -d or -P flag.

pdq can be used as a direct replacement for lp and rlpr commands.

PDQ OPTIONS

 

-a VAR=value - Set driver argument VAR to value.

 
-A VAR=value - Set interface argument VAR to value.
 
-d printer - Send job to printer.  (The -P option  may  also  be used to select printer.)
 
-h, --help - Show  summary  usage.  If no printer is selected, a list of available printers will be displayed.  If a printer  is  selected,  available options and arguments will be displayed.
 
-o option - Select driver option option.
 
-O option - Select interface option option.

 

New Video Conferencing Systems

Over the past months the Computer Center has been involved in the purchase and installation of new video conferencing equipment for JLab use. These new systems consist of Polycom View stations attached to 36 inch monitors. The addition of three new video conferencing systems will alleviate most of the scheduling conflicts which had been occurring among users requiring video conferencing capabilities. The five video conferencing systems available for use can be found in the following locations:

 

  • Cebaf Center – rooms L207 and A110
  • ARC – rooms 428 and 728
  • TestLab - room 204

 

To use any of the video conferencing equipment the conference rooms in which they are located must be reserved via normal channels by the individual or group that will be using the equipment.  It is additionally the responsibility of these same users to provide the ISDN phone number or IP address information of a video conference prior to connection. For further details or information please contact Randy.Hartman@jlab.org (x6399).

 

New Central Linux System JLABL1 to be Deployed

In November, the Computer Center will be adding a Linux system to the supported general purpose Unix systems. The system is a Quad processor Pentium 4 system with 4GB of system ram. Users will be able to login to JLABL1 and perform the same type of general purpose use as currently allowed on JLABS2. This system is not to be used as an interactive farm system to run long jobs. Processes that run longer than 60 minutes will be stopped. Also a user may have at most one process running on the system at a time. Others will be stopped at random.

 

We hope that the addition of this system will provide you with one more system for general purpose computing.

 

Mail Handling Procedures – Improving Email Performance

Background

Current mail-handling procedures require that all staff retain all mail messages sent to them. The extra messages that must be managed by the mail system have put a heavy load on the central servers. We have added servers to our configuration to handle the load. In addition, the following procedures will allow your mail reading to be more efficient, while still conforming to the mail retention policies.

Important Configuration Notes

The following configuration settings are presented in detail on the mail configuration pages at http://cc.jlab.org/services/email/. It is important that the settings be consistent for all the mail readers you use to check JLab mail (e.g. from home, from school, from different clients/machines on site.)

 

  • Your mail reader must be set to transfer deleted messages to Trash (rather than immediately deleting them) and NOT set to 'expunge' the Trash folder automatically. For further details, please see http://cc.jlab.org/docs/services/email/no_delete.html/
  • Your mail reader probably has a means of regularly checking for new mail. This check should not be done more often than every twenty minutes or should be turned off entirely (clicking Get Messages when you need to see new mail). The query puts additional load on the servers and may cause "stacked" new-mail queries that never complete. (If you read mail from multiple locations, you should always close email at the first location before opening it on the second.)

Create a holding area for "deleted" messages

Normally, when a message is "deleted" from a folder (such as "INBOX"), it is simply moved to the "Trash" folder. The Trash folder can be manually or automatically emptied -- in order to retain all messages, this is NOT APPROPRIATE, so it was suggested that you not empty the Trash folder, but leave it in place to keep copies of all email that did not get moved to other more permanent folders.

Unfortunately, a Trash folder containing many messages puts a large load on the mail server as you move through your INBOX deleting messages. In order to have the advantage of retaining deleted messages and having a responsive mail client, you must routinely transfer the contents of the Trash folder to a permanent holding area. This is done by creating a mail folder to hold all "deleted" messages, for instance, one possible name is "Hold_until_further_notice". At the end of each day, you file all the messages in Trash into your holding folder and then compact folders and exit your mail client. This gives you an empty Trash folder and should make your mail handling much faster.

Instructions to create and use a holding folder in Netscape clients:

·         In the mail server/folder selection panel of the Messenger client

·         Right click the jlab.org account and select "New folder"

·         Give the new folder a memorable name, e.g. "Hold_until_further_notice"

·         Open the Trash folder, and select all (Ctrl-A or use the menu)

·         Right click over the selected messages, and select "File" or "Move to" and select the desired destination folder. All messages in the Trash folder will be moved to the holding folder.

Keep your INBOX as small as possible

Once you have a small Trash folder backed up by a holding folder, you should be able to delete messages from your INBOX with greater facility. Like a large Trash folder, a large INBOX causes more load than is necessary on the mail clients and servers. By filing messages in appropriate subject folders and by moving unwanted messages to Trash/Hold, your interaction with the mail system will be faster.

 

Computer Center Outage Alerts Notifications

If you have ever been caught off guard by the unavailability of any central computing resource you probably are not subscribed to the outage-alert@jlab.org mailing list. This mailing list is used to make notifications of computing outages that are:

 

  • planned impending outages related to maintenance
  • unscheduled outages related to system failures whether hardware or software
  • possible and could be expected due to circumstance

 

Further the outage-alert mailing list is used to provide notification of the end of unplanned outages and provide details concerning the resolution of the outages. Basically if you wish to keep informed about computing resource outages you should subscribe to the outage-alert@jlab.org mailing list as it is the front line notification mechanism for the Computer Center regarding outages.

How to Subscribe to the Outage Alert Mailing List

Send a single line email message to majordomo@jlab.org (the subject line does not matter) which has the following content :

 

subscribe outage-alert

 

If you have successfully subscribed to the mailing list you will receive an email notification indicating such, and you will begin to receive outage alerts the next time that one is sent out. Further information regarding mailing list subscriptions can be found at http://cc.jlab.org/docs/services/email/How_to_Subscribe.html.

 

Scientific Computing

 

Tape Migration

Over 4200 of the 4500 Redwoods tapes have been copied to 9940A tapes. With the exception of a few problematic tapes, all of the CLAS tapes, non-duplicate Hall A and Hall C tapes, and the home tapes have been migrated to 9940A tapes. The migration of data from Redwood tapes to 9940A tapes has been a huge undertaking and has been a top priority for the Computer Center. Support for the Redwood tape drives ends on January 1, 2003. 

 

Effort in now being directed toward retrieving data off of a few problematic tapes and the Hall A and Hall C duplicate tapes.  Once completed, we will have moved over 200TB of data during 2002 while also handling the day-to-day workload for the experiments.

 

SILO Changes

Five new 9940B tape drives will soon be installed in the SILO. These are the next generation of tape drives in the 9940 series that have just been released on the market and have a native tape capacity of 200GB. That is three times greater than the 60GB tape capacity of the 9940A tape drives. The 9940B tapes drives use the same tape media as the 9940A and can read tapes previously written to by 9940A tape drives. This backwards compatibility will allow us to migrate toward the next generation of tape drives without having to migrate our data to a new tape format. 

 

The addition of the 9940B tape drives will require some configuration testing to the data movers and code changes to JASMine. The 9940B tape drives are only available with fibre channel interfaces. Since JASMine makes use of Linux PCs for data movers, testing will have to be done with different fibre channel controllers and drivers. JASMine will also require some code changes to deal with the backwards compatibility of the 9940B tape drive with 9940A tapes. 

 

It is anticipated that the 9940B tape drives will be put into production in the spring of 2003. It is also anticipated that a second purchase of five 9940B tape drives will have been made by the spring of 2003. This will bring the total number of 9940B tape drives to ten and help ensure that their introduction into the production environment does not create a tape drive bottleneck.

 

Farm

The oldest twenty farm nodes (dual Intel Pentium II 400MHz systems) were decommissioned in July and have been replaced with twenty new dual Intel P4 Xeon 1.8GHz systems. Each of these new systems has been configured with 1GB of RAM and 120GB of disk space for jobs.   

 

These new farm nodes use the Hyper-Threading feature of the P4 Xeon processor. This makes the operating system think there are 2 processors for each physical processor. Since these systems are dual processor, the operating system sees four processors. Hyper-Threading does not increase the performance of a single non-threaded job, it does, however, increase the overall throughput of the system and allow us to execute more jobs per farm node.

 

Work File Servers

Four new work file servers replaced the aging Symbios file servers (fs3, 4, 5, 6). The Symbios file servers had 100mbit Ethernet connectivity and a total of 4TB of disk space. The new file servers are Linux based with gigabit Ethernet connectivity and a total of 8TB of disk space. They also use the XFS file system from SGI. XFS is a journaling file system that provides rapid recovery from system crashes which simply means that a file system check is not necessary after a system crash.

 

The Hall A and Hall C work disks previously located on the Symbios file servers. The performance issues of the five-year-old servers had become a problem for the Hall A and Hall C experiments. These new servers provide better performance, greater capacity, and eliminate the “Permission Denied” error messages users were seeing when they tried to use their work disk when the server was under heavy load.

 

Desktop Support

 

New Diskless Linux Workstations

Need a Linux workstation but don't have $1200 to spend? Maybe you need only occasional access to a Unix desktop, or perhaps you need to set up a computer in a common area but don't want to spend a lot of time managing it? Or maybe you just have some old X terminals to replace? The Computer Center is proud to announce the availability of our new diskless Linux workstations, a low-cost alternative to a full Linux PC.

 

A diskless Linux workstation is very similar to a full Linux computer; it just has no local hard drive. All files, including the operating system, are stored on our central file servers where the Computer Center can manage them for you. Because there's no hard drive, these systems are less expensive and more robust than normal PCs, but they still offer important features like a 1.7GHz Pentium IV processor, 256MB of RAM, floppy and CDROM drives, USB and audio.

 

These diskless workstations are no slouch in the software department, either. Each is fully integrated into the JLab CUE environment, so users have access to their central home directories, /apps, /work and /scratch. In short, for most normal uses these diskless machines are indistinguishable from full-blown Linux workstations. Some early users have described it as being "like having ifarml1 on your desktop."

 

Ordering a diskless Linux workstation is very simple. Please see the JLab PC Purchasing page at http://cc/docs/services/pc_purchasing/pc_purchase.html.  From this page, go to the "Build to Order" section and read the instructions on how to place an online order. You can then proceed to the Build To Order site and place your order for a "BTO Mfg P4 Slimline/Diskless Thin-Client" system. With low-end prices starting at just $500 (including monitor), these systems are well suited to a variety of uses.

 

Questions about the diskless Linux workstations can be directed to David Bianco <bianco@jlab.org> at x5268.

 

X-Terminal Font Server and X-Terminal / Printer Boot Server Changes

X-windows users on site have long depended on our two font servers – CCH2 and CCH1 to provide access to fonts needed by many of the X-based applications available in CUE. Additionally NCD X-terminals and a number of printers get boot-time configuration information from the “bootp” servers running on these systems. CCH1/2 are currently among the oldest HP systems still in use on site. Their time has come. We have two shiny new HP systems sitting in the racks upstairs and we are preparing to put them in to service. Font services will be moved to these new systems. Bootp clients will be moved to our existing DHCP server system.

X-Windows Font Services

Currently, in your X-windows configuration somewhere, you have a variable set that tells your X server (typically your terminal or PC) where to locate any fonts that it may need. Most terminals come with a pre-installed set of fonts, but X-windows allows you to configure additional fonts as desired, either from your local filesystem, or from font servers on the network. Your system currently should be set to look at the font sources “tcp/cch2:7100 and tcp/cch1:7100” (probably in that order).  Notice that the actual machine names (cch2 and cch1) are used and entered into everyone’s systems. Nowadays, it’s popular (and smart) for us to use an “alias” for these font services. That way, if the Computer Center needs to move a service to a different machine, users don’t have to change anything, we just change the alias and shazzam!

 

The new server systems are going to be called – well, I’m not going to tell you, but the aliases for them will be “font1” and “font2”. These two systems are available now in “test” mode. We will continue to operate the legacy servers as our “production” servers so the new systems can be tested. You can help us test them by directing your X-terminal to use them during this test phase. You should replace the entries reflecting cch2/cch1 in your font path with “tcp/font1:7100” and “tcp/font2:7100” in order to use the new systems. Please let us know if you encounter any difficulties.

 

Assuming no problems are encountered in this testing phase, we will deem the new servers to be our “production” servers. At that point, the central x-terminal configuration will be updated to reflect the change, all of our documentation will be updated to reflect these new aliases as the correct configuration on site, and all new systems will be configured accordingly. This will occur on the November maintenance day (watch the CC Maintenance Schedule for details). Note that for NCD X-terminal users, your terminal may be updated automatically. If you have not made modifications to your terminal’s configuration, and rely on the centrally managed configuration, everything should take care of itself. It’s only if you have made and saved changes in your NCD terminal’s NVRAM that you will have to make this update manually.

 

We will continue to operate the old font servers for a period of time to allow users to migrate their client systems. By the first of the year, all users should have updated the X-configurations accordingly. At that time, cch2 and cch1 will be shut down.

X-terminal and Printer Boot Services 

When many X-terminals, printers and other devices boot, many rely on a server on the network to provide them with their network address, configuration data, etc. Most of our NCD X-terminals and a few printers use “bootp” to do this. CCH2 and CCH1 have also provided boot services to these devices. To prepare for the shutdown of these systems, bootp services will be migrated to our DHCP server (the modern version of bootp) during the November maintenance day. Now, the migration is fairly straightforward, but there is a lot of detailed data involved, so it’s likely an error or two may creep in. After the change goes in, if your terminal or printer fails to boot, contact the helpdesk and we’ll get the problem straightened out quickly.

Summary

These changes should provide users with significantly improved boot and font performance, as well as allow the Computer Center to migrate these services on to modern hardware that is more easily and economically maintained. If you have any further questions or need more details please contact Marty.Wise@jlab.org (x7214).

 

 

Windows PC Users: Did you know? 

Did you know you are the first line of defense for protection of your critical data from loss due to local hard drive failure?   Windows OS users can create their own system Emergency Repair Disks (ERD) and the Computer Center recommends you do so.   Although one step in new PC setup allows for ERD creation, users should also update the ERD routinely.  Dependent upon your system OS, take the following steps to create/update a repair disk for your desktop machine.  

 

NOTE: have a formatted floppy disk handy before taking the following steps.

 

WinNT 4.0

Select:

  1. Start
  2. Run
  3. Type: CMD
  4. When DOS windows opens Type:  rdisk
  5. Follow the instructions

 

Win2K

Select:

  1. Start
  2. Programs

3.   Accessories

4.   System Tools

  1. Back Up
  2. Select: tools
  3. Choose Emergency Repair Disk

 

Mark date/time of creation on the ERD and keep it in a safe place once complete – It may be the only tool that saves your critical data

      

The Computer Center Homepage located at http://cc.jlab.org/ is the place to find all the helpful FAQ’s available to help you be more productive.  Check them out!

 

Security Issues

 

Reporting Computer Security Incidents

This article is intended to clarify what constitutes a "security incident" and what procedures should be followed when you encounter possible security issues.

 

If you don't read further than this, here are some basic guidelines for reporting security problems:

 

  • Few computer security incidents are life-threatening emergencies -- thus the primary mode of reporting incidents should be by means of mail to helpdesk@jlab.org. This allows the automatic logging of the incident and the designation of an appropriate individual to handle the problem.  Mail sent directly to individuals, instead of to the Helpdesk, will not be seen immediately if the intended recipient is not on site.

 

  • There are, of course, "operational emergencies" in which a compromised resource is needed to meet a critical, immediate deadline. In this case, phone calls to the Helpdesk or individuals (Bob Lukens, Heather Larrieu, Sandy Philpott) are appropriate.

 

  • Machines infected with viruses or trojan programs should not be turned off or re-booted -- this could result in a destroyed disk and will probably remove information needed to trace the source of the intrusion.  Instead, the machine should simply be unplugged from the network, thus avoiding the spread of the problem to other machines on site.  Once Computer Center staff have been contacted, follow their instructions.

What Constitutes a Security Incident?

The most basic definition of a computer security breach is "unauthorized access to computing resources."  "Attacks" can be classified as "undirected" and "directed."  An undirected attack is one that does not target a specific institution, but opportunistically invades whatever machines it comes across. An example is an email virus. A directed attack is one that has a specific target or goal, and often requires some kind of interaction between the attacker and his or her target, though automated tools may be used to probe a target network or computer.

 

Undirected attacks are more common, and, with proper computer administration practices, are easier to avoid and eradicate. We rely on tools such as our mail filter software and on keeping our knowledge and software up to date to avoid newly hatched exploits.

 

Directed attacks may have a less predictable pattern and are thus harder to avoid automatically.  We rely on watching the patterns of network scans that are directed against the site's network and on monitoring our internal machines for changes in configuration and programs.  We also rely on astute users who report unusual changes or access to their machines.

What Should or Should Not Be Reported?

The next two items are problems that have been avoided, though, in the case of spam, maybe only partially. These are things that do not have to be reported to the Computer Center -- they have been logged already.

 

SPAM

Our email-filtering tool is currently removing about 75 viruses and 800 spam messages a day. We use the standard spam filters that are automatically updated a couple of times a week by the vendor.

 

More restrictive filtering could be set up, but two problems arise:

 

  1. we would begin to drop mail that is valid, and

 

  1. the maintenance of such filters is very time consuming and we are constrained by our current resources from responding to individual spam messages.

 

We ask that you simply place whatever unwanted messages actually get through in your trash folder. If the spam is intensive enough, it will get added by the vendor to the filters that we use.

 

Please note that if you do receive excessive amounts of egregious spam and it continues more that several days, let us know, and we will see if a specific block would be useful. Send the request to helpdesk@jlab.org.

 

CLEANED OR QUARANTINED VIRUSES

When our email virus filters have detected a virus, it will be either cleaned or stripped from the message and "quarantined." This is a fairly routine occurrence and does not need to be reported. You may wish to notify the sender of the message that his or her machine is sending infected mail -- this is not done by the virus filtering software. Note: if the elided virus is the KLEZ virus, the nominal sender of the message is spoofed -- notifying the spoofed sender of the problem is not likely to be useful.

 

Reportable items include:

 

  • unexplained changes in system configuration, programs, or operation

 

  • unauthorized access

 

  • virus infections

 

  • requests for information from countries or organizations classified as “sensitive” by the federal government

 

The incidence of virus infections should be very small, since we provide a license for all machines with Microsoft software to run the Norton AntiVirus package and we require that it be installed and operational. We have had one instance of a new email virus being delivered to an internal machine within the 4-hour window between discovery of the virus in the wild and installation of the filter in our mail systems, but this should remain rare.

In Summary

Questions about non-critical computer security issues should be sent to helpdesk@jlab.org.  As mentioned above, this allows several things to happen:

 

  1. The report is registered in the Computer Center Problem Reporting (CCPR) system where a log is maintained, allowing one to view the current status of the report.

 

  1. The report will be assigned to whoever is available and capable of finding a solution.

 

If you feel you have a critical security problem requiring immediate assistance, call the Helpdesk. If the Helpdesk cannot be reached, call Bob Lukens (x6376), Heather Larrieu (x5067), or Sandy Philpott (x7152).

 

Note that this list is for security issues, not for basic operational or configuration problems.

 

If you are able to determine that your system has been compromised (e.g., someone else is logging in as root or admin, you have extensive changes in system files, etc.), then immediately disconnect your system from the network.  Do not shut it down or reboot.

 

Networks

 

Network Upgrades Continue Across Site

The Computer Center has been actively working to improve the network infrastructure across the site including improvements in network security as well as performance. These improvements have enhanced network performance for users in the VARC, EEL, Counting House, CEBAF Center, Trailer City, and various other trailers across the site. 

 

Trailers 34D, 34E, 35, 52A, 52B, and 52C have been upgraded to a switched 100Mbit Ethernet infrastructure. These trailers previously had a shared 10Mbit Ethernet infrastructure. 

 

The two network switches in Trailer City, one layer-2 and one layer-3, were upgraded to a single, more powerful, layer-3 switch. The new switch represents an increase in both the bandwidth and capacity. This upgrade replaces all the 10Mbit/sec Ethernet connections in Trailer City with 100Mbit/sec Ethernet capable connections. The 10Mbit/sec devices will continue to work at 10Mbit/sec, but all the 100Mbit/sec devices will now function at their full rated speed.  

 

Within the Computer Center the primary network switch for the CUE central services, a CISCO Catalyst 5513, was replaced with a higher performing CISCO Catalyst 4006. This upgrade provided the Gigabit Ethernet connectivity necessary to improve network performance for wings A, B, and C in CEBAF Center.  This increased the network uplink speed for each wing by a factor of ten.  Additionally the wiring closet switches located in each wing of CEBAF Center were also upgraded.  All network ports located in CEBAF Center now support 100Mbit/sec Ethernet.

 

The Scientific Computing network which serves the farm/’ifarm systems, data movers, cache servers, work fileservers, and data silo has also been upgraded. Changes were made to enhance performance by installing a new network switch capable of supporting 120 Gigabit Ethernet devices. The new switch is capable of supporting 10gbit/sec Ethernet connections when they become necessary.

 

Future network upgrades for FEL, EEL, Hall A, Hall C and the Residence Facility are in the planning stage and will be implemented provided the funding is available. Each will get upgrades to support switched networks with greater bandwidth. Proposed changes also include upgrading the building links from 100Mbit/sec Ethernet to 1000Mbit/sec Ethernet. The Residence Facility may also be upgraded to provide enhanced security capabilities and network performance.

 

Finally, the wireless network will experience significant configuration changes and be expanded for larger areas of coverage. Most of these configuration changes are required to address security issues associated with wireless networks. Details of the wireless network security improvements are still in the works as explained briefly below.

 

Secure Wireless Deployment....Coming Soon

Wireless networking is rapidly becoming a day to day part of our work life here at JLab. Accessing computing resources via the wireless network provides flexibility to our users. In addition to serving our users in various locations around the site it also supports our temporary guest and conference attendees.  Operating with an “open” wireless network does not provide the security needed, so the computer center has mapped out a plan to improve wireless network security and still provide flexibility for users who are only with us temporarily. The time to execute this plan draws near and educating our users for an easy transition is a priority.

 

The following is a brief description of the computer center’s plan. Wireless access points are the means by which all wireless clients communicate with computer center resources.  Currently we have sixteen access points spread across site in the following areas: Trailer City, CEBAF Center, ARC, Test Lab, VARC, FEL, and the Counting House. These access points will remain in place, but will require that all clients use secured “Wired Equivalent Privacy” (WEP) protocol and have a Computer Center generated key for access. ALL wireless clients who currently use wireless networking will need to make client configuration changes to retain access.  The Computer Center will provide instructions to make this change as simple as possible before the changeover. 

 

If budget requirements allow we will be purchasing additional Wireless Access Points. These new access points purpose will be to support the Lab’s users are temporary in nature, such as conference attendees and visitors. They will be isolated from the Lab’s backbone network, but visitors will still be able to get to their offsite email and internet services.

 

Computer Aided Design (CAD) Support

 

ME CAD Upgrades 

During the month of September, Computer Center personnel completed some significant upgrades for ME CAD systems at JLab. These upgrades included operating system upgrades for CAD workstations, as well as CAD software application upgrades. 

 

The primary hardware platform used at JLab for ME CAD work is the HP Unix workstation. Mechanical engineering and design groups in both the Accelerator and Physics divisions are using various HP Unix C-class workstations in the production of their 2-D and 3-D design data. In September the operating system on each of these workstations was upgraded from HP-UX 10.2 to HP-UX 11.11. This OS upgrade was necessary, due in part to HP’s recent announcement that it was discontinuing its HP-UX 10.2 operating system. The OS upgrade was also necessary to keep up with the increased hardware requirements for the latest versions of the CAD applications being used at JLab.

 

The primary design software that is used by ME CAD users at JLab is I-DEAS. JLab’s I-DEAS installation provides I-DEAS software licenses to users from a central license server as described in the summary that is provided below. In September the JLab I-DEAS installation was upgraded from I-DEAS 8m2 to I-DEAS 9m2. 

JLab I-DEAS Installation Summary

The figure below illustrates the current configuration of the JLab I-DEAS installation. The installation includes both Microsoft Windows and HP Unix client machines, in a heterogeneous team data sharing environment. The Windows clients have the I-DEAS application software and online help files installed on a local disk drive. The Unix clients download the application executables from the file server, to local memory. All clients communicate with the I-DEAS license manager process that is running on a central server, which also provides the resource locking service for the shared team database. The I-DEAS shared data includes of all parts, assemblies, and drawings that have been checked into the I-DEAS libraries. This data is shared heterogeneously to clients on both the Windows and Unix platforms.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Questions regarding the information provided in this article can be directed to Todd Coates, x5537, Todd.Coates@jlab.org.

 

Obtaining Support

 

From the Computer Center

Submit a problem report or request for assistance:

 

 

Note that the quickest method is to submit an electronic request, as the report is immediately assigned to a staff member and seen by many other staff.

 

After business hours, for emergencies only involving major outages or interruptions to the physics experimental program, contact the guards, who will contact our on-call staff member.

 

CUE News and Web Pages

Other sources of information in CUE are the news messages available on login, and the Computer Center’s web status and announcement pages. For news, simply type “news” to get the latest unread messages, “news a b” for a brief listing of all messages, or “news 100” to read message #100. The web page information can be found at http://cc.jlab.org/announce/status.html.

 

Dell, Gateway, and Micron Onsite Support

For users who have purchased Dell, Micron, or Gateway PCs under JLab’s ordering agreement, your machine includes 3-year onsite hardware support. You can directly contact Dell at 1-888-560-8324; you will need your 5-digit service code (a label on the back or bottom of your machine). To contact Micron, call 1-800-249-1179:  extension 59684 for Tech Support, extension 59028 for Customer Service, and extension 31205 for Sales Service. To contact Gateway, call 1-800-846-2303 with your system’s serial number

 

Computer Center Mailing List Archives

The Computer Center Computing Weekly News mail archive can be found at:

http://www.jlab.org/ccc/mail_archives/ALERTS/cc-weekly/CURRENT/.

 

The Computer Center Scientific Computing Briefs mail archive can be found at:

http://www.jlab.org/ccc/mail_archives/ALERTS/jl-scicomp/CURRENT/.

 

Computer Center Seminars

Scheduled Computer Center seminars and previous seminar presentations can be found online at http://cc.jlab.org/docs/services/training/seminar_sched.html. The current schedule for upcoming seminars is tentatively scheduled is as follows:

 

November 2002 – Farm Overview

December 2002 – Print Services

January 2002 – CUE/Windows Desktop PC Overview

February 2003 – Email Overview

March 2003 – Spam email & virus protection overview

April 2003 – Cyber Security

May 2003 – Linux Services

June 2003 – Mass Storage Overview

July 2003 – Computer Center open computing meeting

August 2003 – Network Overview and plans

September 2003 – Computer Center Web Utilities

October 2003 – JLab Grid Computing

 

 

Newsletter Archive

The archive of previous Computer Center newsletters, as well as the current newsletter, can be found online at http://cc.jlab.org/announce/newsletter/.


This document is maintained by {helpdesk@jlab.org}

Copyright Jefferson Lab 2007